Science Book

 Cold War The consolidation of the cold war The United States and the Soviet Union ended World War II as allies. Their joint action against the Axis was decisive in ridding Europe of the Nazi presence. The clearest reason for the breakup was ideological. Capitalism and socialism, incompatible in their way of understanding different spheres of human life, from the role of the State to the priority rights of citizens, led to disagreement between the United States and the Soviet Union regarding the purposes of the political order and the methods of acting within it. Without constituting a homogeneous period, due to the aggravation of tensions followed by the distension between the rival poles, the Cold War lasted almost half a century, until the breakup of the Soviet Union, in 1991. With the aim of fighting communism and Soviet influence, Secretary of State George Marshall launched the Marshall Plan, an investment and economic recovery program for European countries in crisis after th...

 French Revolution The French Revolution can be considered, for the political world, what the Industrial Revolution was for the economy. In other words, one could no longer understand politics from then on without the references of the French Revolution. With the French Revolution, the social, political and economic barriers to capitalism were decisively weakened. In addition, there was a significant demographic growth in France, which required a corresponding economic development. Instead, low agricultural production resulting from feudal impediments to productivity, exacerbated by droughts and floods, caused the price of wheat to rise sharply, and even bread became an almost prohibitive item for the low-income population, spreading misery and famine in French territory. The economic rise of the bourgeoisie came up against the regulations, prohibitions and taxation dictated by the absolute state. Thus, it was imperative to eliminate mercantilist practices so that there could be th...

 The roman civilization Monarchy (founding of Rome to the 6th century BC) Rome was born from a small village in the fertile lands of Lazio, center of the Italian peninsula, receiving influence from several Indo-European peoples who settled in the region since the 10th century BC, such as the Latin Falisci and Sabines. The monarchic period, which comprises the rule of the last three kings (Tarquinius the Elder; Servius Tullius; and Tarquinius the Superb), refers to the period of Etruscan domination, and there are historical records of its existence. During this period, Rome had an essentially agricultural economy. From a social point of view, the Roman elite was formed by the patricians, large landowners who constituted an aristocracy with political and religious privileges. Below them were the commoners, free men who had no political rights and were therefore marginalized. In the lowest social situation were the slaves, indebted or defeated in wars, considered simple instruments of...